TriggeredPolymerizationResinBlends < Main

Main.TriggeredPolymerizationResinBlendsr1.4 - 12 Jun 2007 - 18:46 - FernandoMuniztopic end
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---+ Triggered  Polymerization Resin Blends

---++ Resins, Oligomers,  Monomers

*Sunrez* is a site that sells ready-made UV set resins. The prices are good but the shipping costs are very steep. This would be useful for people that don't want to mix their resins themselves starting from base products. I guess they mostly deliver in the USA, but it would be interesting to find out if they have resellers worldwide and if you can get their products in retail shops to save the shipping costs:

http://www.sunrez.com/indexprod.html

These Sunrez resins use a standard UV-A category of lamps, the ones used for sun-tanning.

*Methyl Methacrylate.* This is the monomer used for making Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglas). It is a liquid and doesn't smell to bad, so it would be the ideal product to formulate acrylate resins. It's also not to expensive as acrylates come.

[[http://www.polysciences.com/shop/product.asp?dept%5Fid=300002&pf%5Fid=00834&mscssid=BTGNNDTRAKDK8P3XJ5C56ETA1GVX70R5][MMA at Polysciences]]

[[http://www.acros.com/DesktopModules/Acros_Search_Results/Acros_Search_Results.aspx?search_type=CatalogSearch&SearchString=80-62-6][MMA at ACROS]]


*This site* offers a range of rubber and glazing resins that may have interesting properties for some applications. Somewhat expensive...

[[http://polydiam.com/shop/products.php?cat=26][At Polydiam]]

*Polyester Acrylate Resins.* Unsaturated polyester resins, show a lower shrinkage upon curing. That is why they exhibit good intercoat adhesion properties. Fast cure response.

A good website to find all types of monomers and oligomers with their descriptions and properties can be found at this very complete site: 

[[http://www.sartomereurope.com/prodline.asp?plid=2][Oligomers at Sartomer.com]]

[[http://www.sartomereurope.com/prodline.asp?plid=1][Monomers at Sartomer.com]]

or at

[[http://www.basf.com/rawmaterials/bcrawlaromer.html][BASF Resins]]

For an extensive list of worldwide resellers of chemical products, visit the following site. 

[[http://www.chemexper.com/][www.chemexper.com]]

---++ Catalysts Systems
In this section we will list a number of catalyst that will trigger it's desired action through an external input. They have different uses and may be triggered through heat, UV-light, visible light, electron beam radiation, moisture exposition etc.

For each catalyst I will describe a number of applications where it can be used, although the list is virtually endless. I have chosen the catalysts for their ease of use, price and availability, and have tried to use the safest available. Nevertheless, all precautions on manipulating chemicals apply! These compounds will probably always be noxious, flammable, irritant, and may even cause cellular damage. Use gloves (plastic or rubber gloves will do fine) and I recommend wearing some kind of protective clothes (painter suit or large aprons).

---+++ Ultraviolet Photoinitiators

---++++ Benzophenones

These molecules contain two aromatic functional groups that adsorb UV light which puts the molecule in an excited state. Together with amines or even alone, they easily form radicals that trigger the polymerization chain reaction. The average concentration of Benzophenone initiators in the polymer blend lies between 1 and 4 weight percent (wt%). High concentrations speed up the hardening process. Lower concentrations allow a better hardening of deep layers.
Benzophenones may be used for hardening of Acrylates (together with tertiary Amines), Polyesters and some Epoxy resins. 

---+++++ Benzophenone 
(also: Diphenyl ketone or Diphenylmethanone, CAS Nº 119-61-9)

http://reprap.org/pub/Main/TriggeredCatalysts/IR_Benzophenone.png

The adsorption spike at 260nm means that it will be triggered by fairly energetic UV light. Energetic UVs tend to travel less deep into the material and remain in the surface boundary, where it is adsorbed very fast. UV-B light at 260nm is to be obtained from germicidal UV lamps. This initiator is to be used in combination with others that adsorb longer wavelengths. It may also be used together with tertiary Amines for Acrylate blends or any mixes that suffer surface radical scavenging from air-oxygen. Benzophenone is a fairly safe compound to use.

[[http://www.acros.com/DesktopModules/Acros_Search_Results/Acros_Search_Results.aspx?search_type=CAS&SearchString=119-61-9][Benzophenone at ACROS Organics]]

[[http://212.202.102.92/abcr/frmSuche.aspx?s=&name=benzophenone&anr=&sf=&cas=119-61-9][Benzophenone at ABCR]]

[[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIAL/B9300][Benzophenone at Sigma Aldrich]]

---+++++ Michler's Ketone
(also: 4,4'-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, CAS Nº 90-94-8)

http://reprap.org/pub/Main/TriggeredCatalysts/IR_Michlers_ketone.png

The broad adsorption spike at 380nm and above of this initiator allows it to react at deeper levels of polymer. This is an ideal initiator to mix with Benzophenone, for a fast combined surface and deep curing reaction. Caution! Michler's Ketone has a higher health hazard than Benzophenone. Use gloves and mix it in ventilated areas.

[[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail?ProdNo=147834&Brand=ALDRICH][Michler’s ketone at Sigma Aldrich]]

[[http://www.acros.com/DesktopModules/Acros_Search_Results/Acros_Search_Results.aspx?search_type=CAS&SearchString=90-94-8][Michler’s ketone at ACROS Organics]]

[[http://212.202.102.92/abcr/frmSuche.aspx?s=&name=&anr=&sf=&cas=90-94-8][Michler’s ketone at ABCR]]

---++ Fillers

[[http://www.reprap.org/bin/view/Main/FillerMaterials][Go to Fillers section]]

---++ Formulation Examples

---+ Glossary of Terms and Definitions
Here you will find a short and basic explanation of terms used in all the sections above.
If some term used above seems unclear to you, please post a message in the forum and I will see to add the term to this glossary.

[[http://www.reprap.org/bin/view/Main/GlossaryOfTermsAndDefinitions][Go to Glossary]]
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