G-code/zh cn

该页面尝试描述RepRap的固件怎样使用和他们如何工作。该固件的主要目的是用于FFF/FDM方式的增材制造（译者注：国内流行使用 “3D打印”）。其代码用于控制打印头的移动遵守NIST RS274NGC G-code标准，因此RepRap的固件同时可用于CNC机床（或类似）的控制。

正因为如此，许多固件能够被开发出来并不断完善和加入新功能，而他们的开发者不需要参与到之前的开发，甚至不需要了解之前的功能是如何实现，却也能够为这些固件添加他们想要的功能。

概述

一句能够被RepRap识别的Gcode代码应该是这样子的:

N3 T0*57
N4 G92 E0*67
N5 G28*22
N6 G1 F1500.0*82
N7 G1 X2.0 Y2.0 F3000.0*85
N8 G1 X3.0 Y3.0*33

以上这些句子中的各个符号(当然还有其他符号)的意义将会在下面解释。 The meaning of all those symbols and numbers (and more) is explained below.

以下这个表格可以清楚表明某个语句在哪些固件支持，或尚处于试验性质

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	yes	automatic	yes	yes	experimental

Here means:

yes

完全支持.

experimental

实验中的，有一些支持. 但通常情况下，你需要检查下源代码并可能需要做出一些修改。

automatic

自动的，这说明在这个固件中这项命令是自动生成并处理的，因此该命令是不需要的，例如在Teacup（一种固件）你不会用到 power supply on/off (M80/M81)这个命令。

power supply on/off 电源开/关

no

这个固件不支持这项指令.

另外，每一行命令（代码）都以一个<nl>结尾，或者以<nl><cr>结尾，因此，无论是Unix式和windows式的结尾都是有效的。

RepRap G Code Fields

以下是意译 对于指令Xnnn，其中大写X为指令头，可以是G，M,T,S等，而nnn则是一个整数，或者一个小数，这取决与当时的具体环境。
原文（This section explains the letter-preceded fields. The numbers in the fields are represented by nnn. Numbers can be integers, or can contain a decimal point, depending on context. For example an X coordinate can be integer (X175) or fractional (X17.62), whereas trying to select extruder number 2.76 would make no sense.）

Letter	Meaning
Gnnn	标准 GCode 命令, 例如移动到一个坐标点。
Mnnn	RepRap定义的命令，例如打开一个冷却风扇。
Tnnn	选择工具代码nnn. 在 RepRap中，工具通常是挤出头（extruder）。
Snnn	命令参数, 例如马达的电压。
Pnnn	命令参数, 频率：1次每毫秒。
Xnnn	X坐标, 通常用于移动命令。
Ynnn	Y坐标, 通常用于移动命令。
Znnn	Z坐标, 通常用于移动命令。
Innn	参数 - 现在仍未使用（定义）。
Jnnn	参数 - 现在仍未使用（定义）。
Fnnn	进料速度 单位： 毫米每分钟 (关系到打印速度)。
Rnnn	参数 - 温度相关。
Qnnn	参数- 现在仍未使用（定义）。
Ennn	挤出长度（单位：毫米）。就像 X, Y 和 Z命令,但这个命令用于控制挤出线材的长度. 这更适合新式的步进电机系统 ..（PS：这句不知道什么意思）. Better: 在Skeinforge 40 和更新的版本，该命令控制的是进入挤出机线材的长度，而不是挤出机挤出线材的长度。
Nnnn	行码 Line number. 在发送错误情况后，这可以用来重复输入某行代码（命令）。
*nnn	Checksum. 用于标记错误代码。

注释

G Code 注释:

N3 T0*57 ;这是一条注释
N4 G92 E0*67
; 这也是
N5 G28*22

注释会被RepRap忽略掉,就像空白行，但最好在发送命令之前把注释清除掉，省点流量嘛。。

Individual commands

Checking 标记代码

N and *

Example: N123 [...G Code in here...] *71

These are the line number and the checksum. The RepRap firmware checks the checksum against a locally-computed value and, if they differ, requests a repeat transmission of the line of the given number.

You can leave both of these out - RepRap will still work, but it won't do checking. You have to have both or neither though.

The checksum "cs" for a GCode string "cmd" (including its line number) is computed by exor-ing the bytes in the string up to and not including the * character as follows:

int cs = 0;
for(i = 0; cmd[i] != '*' && cmd[i] != NULL; i++)
   cs = cs ^ cmd[i];
cs &= 0xff;  // Defensive programming...

and the value is appended as a decimal integer to the command after the * character.

The RepRap firmware expects line numbers to increase by 1 each line, and if that doesn't happen it is flagged as an error. But you can reset the count using M110 (see below).

Buffered G Commands

The RepRap firmware stores these commands in a ring buffer internally for execution. This means that there is no (appreciable) delay while a command is acknowledged and the next transmitted. In turn, this means that sequences of line segments can be plotted without a dwell between one and the next. As soon as one of these buffered commands is received it is acknowledged and stored locally. If the local buffer is full, then the acknowledgment is delayed until space for storage in the buffer is available. This is how flow control is achieved.

G0: Rapid move

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	???	yes	yes	yes	yes

Example: G0 X12

In this case move rapidly to X = 12 mm. In fact, the RepRap firmware uses exactly the same code for rapid as it uses for controlled moves (see G1 below), as - for the RepRap machine - this is just as efficient as not doing so. (The distinction comes from some old machine tools that used to move faster if the axes were not driven in a straight line. For them G0 allowed any movement in space to get to the destination as fast as possible.)

G1: Controlled move

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes

Example: G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4

Go in a straight line from the current (X, Y) point to the point (90.6, 13.8), extruding material as the move happens from the current extruded length to a length of 22.4 mm.

RepRap does subtle things with feedrates. Thus:

G1 F1500
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4

Will set a feedrate of 1500 mm/minute, then do the move described above at that feedrate. But

G1 F1500
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4 F3000

Will set a feedrate of 1500 mm/minute, then do the move described above accelerating to a feedrate of 3000 mm/minute as it does so. The extrusion will accelerate along with the X, Y movement so everything stays synchronized.

RepRap thus treats feedrate as simply another variable (like X, Y, Z, and E) to be linearly interpolated. This gives complete control over accelerations and decelerations in a way that ensures that everything moves together and the right volume of material is extruded at all points.

Note: not every firmware implements this, e.g. the current Marlin will use the new feedrate from the beginning of the move and not change it.

The first example shows how to get a constant-speed movement. The second how to accelerate or decelerate. Thus

G1 F1500
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4 F3000
G1 X80 Y20 E36 F1500

Will do the first movement accelerating as before, and the second decelerating from 3000 mm/minute back to 1500 mm/minute.

To reverse the extruder by a given amount (for example to reduce its internal pressure while it does an in-air movement so that it doesn't dribble) simply use G1 to send an E value that is less than the currently extruded length.

G28: Move to Origin

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes

Example: G28

This causes the RepRap machine to move back to its X, Y and Z zero endstops, a process known as "homing". It does so accelerating, so as to get there fast. But when it arrives it backs off by 1 mm in each direction slowly, then moves back slowly to the stop. This ensures more accurate positioning.

If you add coordinates, then just the axes with coordinates specified will be zeroed. Thus

G28 X0 Y72.3

will zero the X and Y axes, but not Z. The actual coordinate values are ignored.

G29-G32: Bed probing

G29 Detailed Z-Probe

probes the bed at 3 points.

G30 Single Z Probe

probes bed at current XY location.

G31 Report Current Probe status

reports whether Z probe is triggered.

G32 Probe Z and calibrate with FPU

probes the bed at 3 points and updates transformation matrix for bed leveling compensation.

Unbuffered G commands

The following commands are not buffered. When one is received it is stored, but it is not acknowledged to the host until the buffer is exhausted and then the command has been executed. Thus the host will pause at one of these commands until it has been done. Short pauses between these commands and any that might follow them do not affect the performance of the machine.

Teacup Firmware buffers G20, G21, G90 and G91.

G4: Dwell

Example: G4 P200

In this case sit still doing nothing for 200 milliseconds. During delays the state of the machine (for example the temperatures of its extruders) will still be preserved and controlled.

G10: Head Offset

Example: G10 P3 X17.8 Y-19.3 Z0.0 R140 S205

This sets the offset for extrude head 3 (from the P3) to the X and Y values specified. You can put a non-zero Z value in as well, but this is usually a bad idea unless the heads are loaded and unloaded by some sort of head changer. When all the heads are in the machine at once they should all be set to the same Z height.

Remember that any parameter that you don't specify will automatically be set to the last value for that parameter. That usually means that you want explicitly to set Z0.0.

The R value is the standby temperature in ^oC that will be used for the tool, and the S value is its operating temperature. If you don't want the head to be at a different temperature when not in use, set both values the same. See the T code (select tool) below.

The NIST G-code standard mentions an additional L parameter, which is ignored.

This command is subject to discussion.

G20: Set Units to Inches

Example: G20

Units from now on are in inches.

G21: Set Units to Millimeters

Example: G21

Units from now on are in millimeters. (This is the RepRap default.)

G90: Set to Absolute Positioning

Example: G90

All coordinates from now on are absolute relative to the origin of the machine. (This is the RepRap default.)

G91: Set to Relative Positioning

Example: G91

All coordinates from now on are relative to the last position.

G92: Set Position

Example: G92 X10 E90

Allows programming of absolute zero point, by reseting the current position to the values specified. This would set the machine's X coordinate to 10, and the extrude coordinate to 90. No physical motion will occur.

A G92 without coordinates will reset all axes to zero.

无缓冲的 M 和 T 命令

M0: Stop 停止

Example（例子）: M0

RepRap 会终止任何动作, 然后关机。所有的马达和加热器都很被关掉，你需要点击reset按钮来重启主控制器 See also M1, M112.

M1: Sleep 睡眠

Example: M1

RepRap 会终止任何动作, 然后关机。所有的马达和加热器都很被关掉，你仍可以发送 G或 M 命令来唤醒它 See also M0, M112.

M3: Spindle On, Clockwise (CNC specific)

Example: M3 S4000

The spindle is turned on with a speed of 4000 RPM.

M4: Spindle On, Counter-Clockwise (CNC specific)

Example: M4 S4000

The spindle is turned on with a speed of 4000 RPM.

M5: Spindle Off (CNC specific)

Example: M5

The spindle is turned off.

M7: Mist Coolant On (CNC specific)

Example: M7

Mist coolant is turned on (if available)

M8: Flood Coolant On (CNC specific)

Example: M8

Flood coolant is turned on (if available)

M9: Coolant Off (CNC specific)

Example: M9

All coolant systems are turned off.

M10: Vacuum On (CNC specific)

Example: M10

Dust collection vacuum system turned on.

M11: Vacuum Off (CNC specific)

Example: M11

Dust collection vacuum system turned off.

M17: Enable/Power all stepper motors

Example: M17

M18: Disable all stepper motors

Example: M18

Disables stepper motors and allows axis to move 'freely.'

- Is this not the same as M84? -- MrAlvin 05:53, 20 September 2012 (UTC)

M20: List SD card

Example: M20

All files in the root folder of the SD card are listed to the serial port. This results in a line like:

ok Files: {SQUARE.G,SQCOM.G,}

The trailing comma is optional. Note that file names are returned in upper case, but - when sent to the M23 command (below) they must be in lower case. This seems to be a function of the SD software. Go figure...

M21: Initialize SD card

Example: M21

The SD card is initialized. If an SD card is loaded when the machine is switched on, this will happen by default. SD card must be initialized for the other SD functions to work.

M22: Release SD card

Example: M22

SD card is released and can be physically removed.

M23: Select SD file

Example: M23 filename.gco

The file specified as filename.gco (8.3 naming convention is supported) is selected ready for printing.

M24: Start/resume SD print

Example: M24

The machine prints from the file selected with the M23 command.

M25: Pause SD print

Example: M25

The machine pause printing at the current position within the file selected with the M23 command.

M26: Set SD position

Example: M26

Set SD position in bytes (M26 S12345).

M27: Report SD print status

Example: M27

Report SD print status.

M28: Begin write to SD card

Example: M28 filename.gco

File specified by filename.gco is created (or overwritten if it exists) on the SD card and all subsequent commands sent to the machine are written to that file.

M29: Stop writing to SD card

Example: M29 filename.gco

File opened by M28 command is closed, and all subsequent commands sent to the machine are executed as normal.

M30: Delete a file on the SD card

Example: M30 filename.gco

filename.gco is deleted.

M40: Eject

If your RepRap machine can eject the parts it has built off the bed, this command executes the eject cycle. This usually involves cooling the bed and then performing a sequence of movements that remove the printed parts from it. The X, Y and Z position of the machine at the end of this cycle are undefined (though they can be found out using the M114 command, q.v.).

See also M240 and M241 below.

M41: Loop

Example: M41

If the RepRap machine was building a file from its own memory such as a local SD card (as opposed to a file being transmitted to it from a host computer) this goes back to the beginning of the file and runs it again. So, for example, if your RepRap is capable of ejecting parts from its build bed then you can set it printing in a loop and it will run and run. Use with caution - the only things that will stop it are:

1. When you press the reset button,
2. When the build material runs out (if your RepRap is set up to detect this), and
3. When there's an error (such as a heater failure).

M42: Stop on material exhausted / Switch I/O pin

M42 in ???

Example: M42

If your RepRap can detect when its material runs out, this decides the behaviour when that happens. The X and Y axes are zeroed (but not Z), and then the machine shuts all motors and heaters off. You have to press reset to reactivate the machine. In other words, it parks itself and then executes an M0 command (q.v.).

M42 in Marlin/Sprinter

Example: M42 P7 S255

M42 switches a general purpose I/O pin.

M42 in Teacup

Not needed. General purpose devices are handled like a heater, see M104.

M43: Stand by on material exhausted

Example: M43

If your RepRap can detect when its material runs out, this decides the behaviour when that happens. The X and Y axes are zeroed (but not Z), and then the machine shuts all motors and heaters off except the heated bed, the temperature of which is maintained. The machine will still respond to G and M code commands in this state.

M80: ATX Power On

Example: M80

Turns on the ATX power supply from standby mode to fully operational mode. No-op on electronics without standby mode.

Note: some firmwares, like Teacup, handle power on/off automatically, so this is redundant there.

M81: ATX Power Off

Example: M81

Turns off the ATX power supply. Counterpart to M80.

M82: set extruder to absolute mode

Example: M82

makes the extruder interpret extrusion as absolute positions.

This is the default in repetier.

M83: set extruder to relative mode

Example: M83

makes the extruder interpret extrusion values as relative positions.

M84: Stop idle hold

Example: M84

Stop the idle hold on all axis and extruder. In some cases the idle hold causes annoying noises, which can be stopped by disabling the hold. Be aware that by disabling idle hold during printing, you will get quality issues. This is recommended only in between or after printjobs.

M92: Set axis_steps_per_unit

Example: M92 X<newsteps> Sprinter and Marlin

Allows programming of steps per unit of axis till the electronics are reset for the specified axis. Very useful for calibration.

M98: Get axis_hysteresis_mm

Example: M98

Report the current hysteresis values in mm for all of the axis.

Proposed for Marlin

M99: Set axis_hysteresis_mm

Example: M99 X<mm> Y<mm> Z<mm> E<mm>

Allows programming of axis hysteresis. Mechanical pulleys, gears and threads can have hysteresis when they change direction. That is, a certain number of steps occur before movement occurs. You can measure how many mm are lost to hysteresis and set their values with this command. Every time an axis changes direction, these extra mm will be added to compensate for the hysteresis.

Proposed for Marlin

M101 Turn extruder 1 on Forward / Undo Extruder Retraction

M101 in Teacup firmware

If a DC extruder is present, turn that on. Else, undo filament retraction, which means, make the extruder ready for extrusion. Complement to M103.

M101 in other firmwares

Deprecated. Regarding filament retraction, see M227, M228, M229.

M102 Turn extruder 1 on Reverse

Deprecated.

M103 Turn all extruders off / Extruder Retraction

M103 in Teacup firmware

If a DC extruder is present, turn that off. Else, retract the filament in the hope to prevent nozzle drooling. Complement to M101.

M103 in other firmwares

Deprecated. Regarding extruder retraction, see M227, M228, M229.

M104: Set Extruder Temperature

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	yes	yes	yes	yes	yes

Example: M104 S190

Set the temperature of the current extruder to 190^oC and return control to the host immediately (i.e. before that temperature has been reached by the extruder). See also M109.

This is deprecated because temperatures should be set using the G10 and T commands (q.v.).

Deprecation is subject to discussion. --Traumflug 11:33, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

M104 in Teacup Firmware

In Teacup Firmware, M104 can be additionally used to handle all devices using a temperature sensor. It supports the additional P parameter, which is a zero-based index into the list of sensors in config.h. For devices without a temp sensor, see M106.

Example: M104 P1 S100

Set the temperature of the device attached to the second temperature sensor to 100 °C.

M105: Get Extruder Temperature

Example: M105

Request the temperature of the current extruder and the build base in degrees Celsius. The temperatures are returned to the host computer. For example, the line sent to the host in response to this command looks like

ok T:201 B:117

M106: Fan On

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes	yes	yes

Example: M106 S127

Turn on the cooling fan at half speed.

Mandatory parameter 'S' declares the PWM value (0-255). M106 S0 turns the fan off.

M106 in Teacup Firmware

Additionally to the above, Teacup Firmware uses M106 to control general devices. It supports the additional P parameter, which is an zero-based index into the list of heaters/devices in config.h.

Example: M106 P2 S255

Turn on device #3 at full speed/wattage.

Note: When turning on a temperature sensor equipped heater with M106 and M104 at the same time, temperature control will override the value given in M106 quickly.

M107: Fan Off

Deprecated. Use M106 S0 instead.

M108: Set Extruder Speed

Sets speed of extruder motor. (Deprecated in current firmware, see M113)

M109: Set Extruder Temperature and Wait

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	???	not needed	see text	yes	???

M109 in Teacup

Not needed. To mimic Marlin behaviour, use M104 followed by M116.

M109 in Marlin, Sprinter (ATmega port)

Set extruder heater temperature in degrees celsius and wait for this temperature to be achieved.

Example: M109 S185

M109 in Sprinter (4pi port)

Parameters: S (optional), set target temperature value. If not specified, waits for the temperature set by M104. R (optional), sets target temperature range maximum value.

Example: M109 S185 R240 //sets extruder temperature to 185 and waits for the temperature to be between 185 - 240.

If you have multiple extruders, use T or P parameter to specify which extruder you want to set/wait.

Another way to do this is to use G10.

M110: Set Current Line Number

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
	???	not needed	???	???	???

Example: M110 N123

Set the current line number to 123. Thus the expected next line after this command will be 124.

M111: Set Debug Level

Example: M111 S6

Set the level of debugging information transmitted back to the host to level 6. The level is the OR of three bits:

#define DEBUG_ECHO (1<<0)
#define DEBUG_INFO (1<<1)
#define DEBUG_ERRORS (1<<2)

Thus 6 means send information and errors, but don't echo commands. (This is the RepRap default.)

Example: M253

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		Debug

M112: Emergency Stop

Example: M112

Any moves in progress are immediately terminated, then RepRap shuts down. All motors and heaters are turned off. It can be started again by pressing the reset button on the master microcontroller. See also M0 and M1.

M113: Set Extruder PWM

Example: M113

Set the PWM for the currently-selected extruder. On its own this command sets RepRap to use the on-board potentiometer on the extruder controller board to set the PWM for the currently-selected extruder's stepper power. With an S field:

M113 S0.7

it causes the PWM to be set to the S value (70% in this instance). M113 S0 turns the extruder off, until an M113 command other than M113 S0 is sent.

M114: Get Current Position

Example: M114

This causes the RepRap machine to report its current X, Y, Z and E coordinates to the host.

For example, the machine returns a string such as:

ok C: X:0.00 Y:0.00 Z:0.00 E:0.00

M115: Get Firmware Version and Capabilities

Example: M115

Request the Firmware Version and Capabilities of the current microcontroller The details are returned to the host computer as key:value pairs separated by spaces and terminated with a linefeed.

sample data from firmware:

ok PROTOCOL_VERSION:0.1 FIRMWARE_NAME:FiveD FIRMWARE_URL:http%3A//reprap.org MACHINE_TYPE:Mendel EXTRUDER_COUNT:1

This M115 code is inconsistently implemented, and should not be relied upon to exist, or output correctly in all cases. An initial implementation was committed to svn for the FiveD Reprap firmware on 11 Oct 2010. Work to more formally define protocol versions is currently (October 2010) being discussed. See M115_Keywords for one draft set of keywords and their meanings.

M116: Wait

Example: M116

Wait for all temperatures and other slowly-changing variables to arrive at their set values. See also M109.

M117: Get Zero Position

Example: M117

This causes the RepRap machine to report the X, Y, Z and E coordinates in steps not mm to the host that it found when it last hit the zero stops for those axes. That is to say, when you zero X, the x coordinate of the machine when it hits the X endstop is recorded. This value should be 0, of course. But if the machine has drifted (for example by dropping steps) then it won't be. This command allows you to measure and to diagnose such problems. (E is included for completeness. It doesn't normally have an endstop.)

M117 in Marlin: Display Message

Example: M117 Hello World

This causes the given message to be shown in the status line on an attached LCD. The above command will display Hello World.

M118: Negotiate Features

Example: M118 P42

This M-code is for future proofing. NO firmware or hostware supports this at the moment. It is used in conjunction with M115's FEATURES keyword.

See Protocol_Feature_Negotiation for more info.

M119: Get Endstop Status

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes		yes

Example: M119

Returns the current state of the configured X, Y, Z endstops. Takes into account any 'inverted endstop' settings, so one can confirm that the machine is interpreting the endstops correctly.

M120: Push

Push the state of the RepRap machine onto a stack. Exactly what variables get pushed depends on the implementation (as does the depth of the stack - a typical depth might be 5). A sensible minimum, however, might be

1. Current feedrate, and
2. Whether moves (and separately extrusion) are relative or absolute

M121: Pop

Recover the last state pushed onto the stack.

M126: Open Valve

Example: M126 P500

Open the extruder's valve (if it has one) and wait 500 milliseconds for it to do so.

M127: Close Valve

Example: M127 P400

Close the extruder's valve (if it has one) and wait 400 milliseconds for it to do so.

M128: Extruder Pressure PWM

Example: M128 S255

PWM value to control internal extruder pressure. S255 is full pressure.

M129: Extruder pressure off

Example: M129 P100

In addition to setting Extruder pressure to 0, you can turn the pressure off entirely. P400 will wait 100ms to do so.

M130: Set PID P value

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes

Example: M130 P 0 S 8.0 # Sets heater 0 P factor to 8.0

M131: Set PID I value

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes

Example: M130 P 1 S 0.5 # Sets heater 1 I factor to 0.5

M132: Set PID D value

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes

Example: M130 P 0 S 24 # Sets heater 0 D factor to 24.0

M133: Set PID I limit value

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes

Example: M130 P 1 S 264 # Sets heater 0 I limit value to 264

M134: Write PID values to EEPROM

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes

Example: M134

M136: Print PID settings to host

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		Debug

Example: M136 P1 # print heater 0 PID parameters to host

M140: Bed Temperature (Fast)

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		yes	yes	yes	yes

Example: M140 S55

Set the temperature of the build bed to 55^oC and return control to the host immediately (i.e. before that temperature has been reached by the bed).

M141: Chamber Temperature (Fast)

Example: M141 S30

Set the temperature of the chamber to 30^oC and return control to the host immediately (i.e. before that temperature has been reached by the chamber).

M142: Holding Pressure

Example: M142 S1

Set the holding pressure of the bed to 1 bar.

The holding pressure is in bar. For hardware which only has on/off holding, when the holding pressure is zero, turn off holding, when the holding pressure is greater than zero, turn on holding.

M143: Maximum hot-end temperature

Example: M143 S275

Set the maximum temperature of the hot-end to 275C

When temperature of the hot-end exceeds this value, take countermeasures, for instance an emergency stop. This is to prevent hot-end damage.

M160: Number of mixed materials

Example: M160 S4

Set the number of materials, N, that the current extruder can handle to the number specified. The default is 1.

When N >= 2, then the E field that controls extrusion requires N+1 values separated by spaces after it like this:

M160 S4
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7
G1 X70.6 E42.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0
G1 E42.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

The second line moves straight to the point (90.6, 13.8) extruding 22.4mm of filament. The mix ratio at the end of the move is 0.1:0.1:0.1:0.7.

The third line moves back 20mm in X extruding 20mm of filament. The mix varies linearly from 0.1:0.1:0.1:0.7 to 0:0:0:1 as the move is made.

The fourth line has no physical effect, but sets the mix proportions for the start of the next move to 1:0:0:0.

M190: Wait for bed temperature to reach target temp

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		obsolete, see M116	yes	yes

Example: M190 S60

This will wait until the bed temperature reaches 60 degrees, printing out the temperature of the hot end and the bed every second.

M200 - Set filament diameter / Get Endstop Status

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
				yes

M200 sets the filament diameter.

Question: what does a firmware do with filament diameter? Has this an effect on how much an E command moves the extruder motor? --Traumflug 11:34, 14 October 2012 (UTC)

M201 - Set max printing acceleration

in units/s^2 for print moves (M201 X1000 Y1000)

M202 - Set max travel acceleration

in units/s^2 for travel moves (M202 X1000 Y1000) Unused in Marlin!!

M203 - Set maximum feedrate

that your machine can sustain (M203 X200 Y200 Z300 E10000) in mm/sec

Note: this should be in units/minute, just like the F code.

M204 - Set default acceleration

S normal moves T filament only moves (M204 S3000 T7000) im mm/sec^2 also sets minimum segment time in ms (B20000) to prevent buffer underruns and M20 minimum feedrate

M205 - advanced settings

minimum travel speed S=while printing T=travel only, B=minimum segment time X= maximum xy jerk, Z=maximum Z jerk, E=maximum E jerk

M206: set home offset

Example: M206 X10.0 Y10.0 Z-0.4

The values specified are added to the endstop position when the axes are referenced. The same can be achieved with a G92 right after homing (G28, G161).

With Marlin firmware, this value can be saved to EEPROM using the M500 command.

A similar command is G10, aligning these two is subject to discussion.

M207: calibrate z axis by detecting z max length

Example: M207

After placing the tip of the nozzle in the position you expect to be considered Z=0, issue this command to calibrate the Z axis. It will perform a z axis homing routine and calculate the distance traveled in this process. The result is stored in EEPROM as z_max_length. For using this calibration method the machine must be using a Z MAX endstop.

This procedure is usually more reliable than mechanical adjustments of a Z MIN endstop.

M208: set axis max travel

Example: M208 X250 Y210 Z180

The values specified set the software limits for axis travel in the positive direction.

With Marlin firmware, this value can be saved to EEPROM using the M500 command.

M209: enable automatic retract

Example: M209 S1

This boolean value S 1=true or 0=false enables automatic retract detect if the slicer did not support G10/11: every normal extrude-only move will be classified as retract depending on the direction.

M220:set speed factor override percentage

Example: M220 S80

S<factor in percent>- set speed factor override percentage

M221: set extrude factor override percentage

Example: M221 S70

S<factor in percent>- set extrude factor override percentage

M226: Gcode Initiated Pause

Example: M226

Initiates a pause in the same way as if the pause button is pressed. That is, program execution is stopped and the printer waits for user interaction. This matches the behaviour of M1 in the NIST RS274NGC G-code standard and M0 in Marlin firmware.

M227: Enable Automatic Reverse and Prime

Example: M227 P1600 S1600

P and S are steps.

"Reverse and Prime" means, the extruder filament is retracted some distance when not in use and pushed forward the same amount before going into use again. This shall help to prevent drooling of the extruder nozzle. Teacup firmware implements this with M101/M103.

M228: Disable Automatic Reverse and Prime

Example: M228

See also M227.

M229: Enable Automatic Reverse and Prime

Example: M229 P1.0 S1.0

P and S are extruder screw rotations. See also M227.

M230: Disable / Enable Wait for Temperature Change

Example: M230 S1

S1 Disable wait for temperature change S0 Enable wait for temperature change

M240: Start conveyor belt motor / Echo off

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		Debug: Echo off

Example: M240

The conveyor belt allows to start mass production of a part with a reprap.

Echoing may be controlled in some firmwares with M111

M241: Stop conveyor belt motor / echo on

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
		Debug: Echo on

Example: M241

Echoing may be controlled in some firmwares with M111

M245: Start cooler

Example: M245

used to cool parts/heated-bed down after printing for easy remove of the parts after print

M246: Stop cooler

Example: M246

M300: Play beep sound

Usage: M300 S<frequency Hz> P<duration ms>

Example: M300 S300 P1000

Play beep sound, use to notify important events like the end of printing. See working example on R2C2 electronics.

M301: Set PID parameters - Hot End

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
				PID

Example: M301 P1 I2 D3 C5

Sets Proportional, Integral and Derivative values for hot end, the value C refers to an extrusion rate.

Alternate implementation

Example: M301 W125

M303: Run PID tuning

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
				PID	PID

Hotend Usage: M303 S<temperature> C<cycles> Bed Usage: M303 E-1 C<cycles> S<temperature> Example: M303 C8 S175

Generate Proportional, Integral and Derivative values for the hotend or bed (E-1). Send the appropriate code and wait for the output to update the firmware.

M304: Set PID parameters - Bed

Support	FiveD	Teacup	Sprinter	Marlin	Repetier
				PID

Example: M304 P1 I2 D3

Sets Proportional, Integral and Derivative values for bed

M420: Set RGB Colors as PWM

Usage: M420 R<Red PWM (0-255)> E<Green PWM (0-255)> B<Blue PWM (0-255)>

Example: M420 R255 E255 B255

Set the color of your RGB LEDs that are connected to PWM-enabled pins. Note, the Green color is controlled by the E value instead of the G value due to the G code being a primary code that cannot be overridden.

T: Select Tool

Example: T1

Select extruder number 1 to build with.

The sequence followed is:

1. Set the current extruder to its standby temperature specified by G10 (see above),
2. Set the new extruder to its operating temperature specified by G10 and wait for all temperatures to stabilise,
3. Apply any X, Y, Z offset for the new extruder specified by G10,
4. Use the new extruder.

Selecting a non-existent tool (100, say) just does Step 1. above. That is to say it leaves all tools in their standby state. You can, of course, use the G10 command beforehand to set that standby temperature to anything you like.

Note that you may wish to move to a parking position before executing a T command in order to allow the new extruder to reach temperature while not in contact with the print. It is acceptable for the firmware to apply a small offset [by convention (-1mm x tool-number) in Y] to the current position when the above sequence is entered to allow temperature changes to take effect just away from the parking position. Any such offset must, of course, be undone when the procedure finishes.

If the Z value changes in the offsets and the head moves up, then the Z move is made before the X and Y moves. If Z moves down, X and Y are done first.

After a reset extruders will not start heating until they are selected. You can either put them all at their standby temperature by selecting them in turn, or leave them off so they only come on if/when you first use them. The M0, M1 and M112 commands turn them all off. You can, of course, turn them all off with the M1 command, then turn some back on again. Don't forget also to turn on the heated bed (if any) if you use that trick.

Extruder numbering starts at 0.

Proposed EEPROM configuration codes

BRIEFLY: each RepRap has a number of physical parameters that should be persistent, but easily configurable, such as extrusion steps/mm, various max values, etc. Those parameters are currently hardcoded in the firmware, so that a user has to modify, recompile and re-flash the firmware for any adjustments. These configs can be stored in MCU's EEPROM and modified via some M-codes. Please see the detailed proposal at M-codes for EEPROM config. (This is proposed by --AlexRa on 11-March-2011. There is currently no working implementation of the proposed commands).

Marlin uses these codes to manipulate EEPROM values.

Sprinter has implemented the following commands to manipulate EEPROM Commit message.

Teacup uses codes M130-M136 to set, read, and save some parameters.

M501: reads parameters from EEPROM

If you need to reset them after you changed them temporarily

M502: reverts to the default "factory settings".

You still need to store them in EEPROM afterwards if you want to.

Replies from the RepRap machine to the host computer

All communication is in printable ASCII characters. Messages sent back to the host computer are terminated by a newline and look like this:

xx [line number to resend] [T:93.2 B:22.9] [C: X:9.2 Y:125.4 Z:3.7 E:1902.5] [Some debugging or other information may be here]

xx can be one of:

ok

rs

!!

ok means that no error has been detected.

rs means resend, and is followed by the line number to resend.

!! means that a hardware fault has been detected. The RepRap machine will shut down immediately after it has sent this message.

The T: and B: values are the temperature of the currently-selected extruder and the bed respectively, and are only sent in response to M105. If such temperatures don't exist (for example for an extruder that works at room temperature and doesn't have a sensor) then a value below absolute zero (-273^oC) is returned.

C: means that coordinates follow. Those are the X: Y: etc values. These are only sent in response to M114 and M117.

The RepRap machine may also send lines that look like this:

// This is some debugging or other information on a line on its own. It may be sent at any time.

Such lines will always be preceded by //.

The most common response is simply:

ok

When the machine boots up it sends the string

start

once to the host before sending anything else. This should not be replaced or augmented by version numbers and the like. M115 (see above) requests those.

All this means that every line sent by RepRap to the host computer except the start line has a two-character prefix (one of ok, rs, !! or //). The machine should never send a line without such a prefix.

Exceptions: Marlin 1.0.0 Gen6 Firmware does not follow the two character rule. 'rs' is actually 'Resend' and '!!' is 'Error'. Example Lines:

• Error: Line Number is not current line + 1. Last Line: 7
• Resend: 8
• Writing to File: print.gco
• Done saving file.
• File opened:print.gco Size:22992
• File selected

When in the code base did this change take place and what other firmwares are affected?

Proposal for sending multiple lines of G-code

So far, this is a proposal, open for discussion.

Problem to solve

Each line of G-code sent from the host to the controller is answered with an ok before the next line can be sent without locking communcations up. This makes operations very slow, as the usual USB-TTL converters and probably also the host's operating system drivers come with substantial latency, often 10 milliseconds.

For more details on this proposal, and some suggested solutions, and comments please see GCODE_buffer_multiline_proposal

Alternatives to G-code

Main article: Firmware/Alternative#alternatives to G-code

• Wikipedia: STEP-NC: "STEP-NC was designed to replace ... G-codes ... adding tolerance data ... [with a] XML format."
• Elegant multispline motion controller "will not use G-code. It will use a custom language based on cubic Bezier curves. This allows for much better description of arcs and will result in much higher quality prints with a much lower data throughput requirements."