A voltmeter is your friend with problems like this. A cheap one will do just fine in this case. Check your power supply voltage, voltage at the 11A connector on the Ramps (or what ever) board. Check the voltage at the heated. That should help you figure out where things are running out of power.
If it's a polyfuse popping, check for things like shorts at the heatbead mounts. Black burn marks are often a good clue.