By duty cycle I presume you mean percentage complete?
not easily
The computer has access to the entire file, so it can load it, find out how long it is, show you the progress
The controller doesn't know the file length, it has only seen what has been sent to the printer.
Even loading from sd, it just load the file line by line, no way to find out how long it is... (that I know of, might have changes since last I looked)
easiest way would be to add a gcode expect n-many lines, then it could give a percentage done.
If you meaning time to competing estimate that’s even harder, need to actually do analysis of the file, feed rates per move, number of lines.. even that is only a guess as it doesn’t know max feedrates or acceleration settings from printer