I can't tell from the picture, but I assume that's a threaded rod. Sewing machines have to tension the bobbin that thread comes off of; welding machines have to do the same thing. They both use a nut to compress a spring against the rotating spool. Tighten the nut, so the spring compresses, and the spool takes more tension to rotate. Loosen the nut to fee the spool. A spring that's big enough to go around the threaded rod, and an appropriate nut, would let you tension the filament spool.