Step rates
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One thing up front: at 300 mm/s, precision in the micrometer range is pretty unrealistic. Accordingly, 0.9° stepper motors and 1/32 microstepping don't make much sense. Forces neccessary to achieve such speeds are simply too high for current designs of printer frames and actuators. For high precision you'd have to live with much lower feedrates.
Achievable step rates
Step rate means the highest speed at which a particular electronics-firmware combination can send step pulses to the stepper motor driver. It mostly depends on the CPU used on a controller, its clock frequency and the algorithm used by the firmware to calculate motor movements. As this are typically several thousand pulses per second, it's typically given in Kilohertz (kHz).
ATmega-based electronics are, with exception of the clock frequency, all equally fast. Achievable feedrates are always the same, no matter wether you use a big ATmega2560, a small ATmega168, or something in between.
Current (July 2014) discussion about achievable step rates goes as following:
- Marlin/Repetier on ATmega 16 MHz (e.g. RAMPS) in Standard-Mode: 16.000 steps/second (16 kHz).
- Teacup Firmware on ATmega 20 MHz (e.g. Gen7): 48 kHz.
- Marlin/Repetier on ATmega 16 MHz in Quadstep-Mode (uneven step distribution): 67 kHz.
- Repetier on RADDS: 96 kHz.
